CBD and the skin barrier: The impact of CBD on the skin barrier, including its potential for treating acne and other skin conditions

May 24, 2023

Introduction

Overview of CBD and its possible impact on skin health

Cannabidiol, more commonly known as CBD, is a naturally occurring compound found in the hemp plant. In recent years, CBD has received a lot of attention for its potential health benefits. One of the areas where CBD has potential is skin health. From acne to eczema, CBD is increasingly being used in skin care products and treatments.

CBD is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, meaning it does not cause a "high" like THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), another well-known cannabinoid. Instead, CBD has a range of potential therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties, all of which can contribute to skin health.

There are several ways CBD can be used for skin health. It can be taken orally in the form of capsules or oil, or it can be applied topically in the form of creams, ointments or lotions. There are also CBD-rich hemp oils available that can be used for skin care.

But how exactly does CBD work on the skin? And what is the role of the skin barrier in this? To answer these questions, it is important to first understand what the skin barrier is and how it works.

The role of the skin barrier and how CBD interacts with it

The skin barrier is an essential part of our skin. It is the outer layer of the skin that acts as a shield to protect our body from harmful external influences such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, chemicals and UV radiation. At the same time, the skin barrier retains moisture to keep our skin hydrated and healthy.

The skin barrier consists of dead skin cells (the horny layer) that are glued by lipids (fats). These lipids are crucial for the skin's barrier function because they prevent water from evaporating from the skin and harmful substances from entering the skin.

CBD seems to have a positive interaction with the skin barrier. Research suggests that CBD may increase lipid production in skin cells, which may help keep skin hydrated and improve skin's barrier function. In addition, CBD has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce skin inflammation, a common problem that can weaken the skin barrier.

CBD and the skin barrier: The impact of CBD on the skin barrier, including its potential for treating acne and other skin conditions

The science behind CBD and the skin barrier

Understanding the endocannabinoid system in the skin

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex cell communication system that plays an important role in regulating several physiological processes, including mood, pain, sleep, appetite and immune response. Interestingly, the ECS is also present in the skin, where it is involved in regulating skin cell growth, differentiation and survival, as well as inflammatory responses and sebum production.

CBD can influence the ECS in the skin by binding to the cannabinoid receptors present in the skin cells. This can lead to several skin health benefits, including reducing inflammation, regulating sebum production, and promoting skin cell growth and differentiation.

The anti-inflammatory effects of CBD on the skin

Inflammation is the body's natural immune response to damage or infection. However, chronic or long-term inflammation can be harmful and lead to several skin conditions, including acne, eczema, psoriasis and rosacea.

CBD is known for its powerful anti-inflammatory properties. Several studies have shown that CBD can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteins that promote inflammation in the body. In addition, CBD may decrease the activity of the immune cells involved in the inflammatory response, such as T cells and macrophages.

By reducing inflammation, CBD can help relieve the symptoms of various skin conditions, including redness, swelling, pain, and itching. In addition, it can help strengthen the skin barrier, which is often compromised in inflammatory skin conditions.

The impact of CBD on sebum production and acne

Acne is a common skin condition characterized by the formation of pimples, blackheads and whiteheads. It is caused by an overproduction of sebum, an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands to moisturize and protect the skin. When too much sebum is produced, it can clog pores and lead to acne.

One of the ways CBD can help with skin conditions is by regulating sebum production. Research suggests that CBD may have a sebostatic effect, meaning it may reduce sebum production. In a study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers found that CBD reduced the production of sebum in human sebaceous glands and also had anti-inflammatory effects on the gland cells, suggesting that it may be useful in treating acne.

Detailed mechanism of how CBD interacts with the skin barrier

CBD appears to strengthen the skin barrier by increasing lipid production in the skin cells. Lipids are fatty substances that play a crucial role in the structure and function of the skin barrier. They help to keep the skin hydrated by retaining the moisture in the skin and they form a protective layer that protects the skin from harmful external factors.

A study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science found that CBD can stimulate the production of lipids in keratinocytes, the main cell type in the outer layer of the skin. This suggests that CBD may help keep the skin hydrated and improve the skin's barrier function.

In addition, CBD also has antimicrobial properties that can help protect the skin from harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. This can be especially helpful with skin conditions such as acne, which are often associated with overgrowth of certain types of bacteria.

The therapeutic potential of CBD for skin health

CBD for acne: current research and findings

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting approximately 9% of the world's population. It is characterized by the formation of pimples, blackheads and white heads, mainly on the face, chest and back.

There is some promising research suggesting that CBD may help treat acne. Studies show that CBD can reduce the overproduction of sebum, one of the main causes of acne. In addition, CBD has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce the redness and swelling often associated with acne.

In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers found that CBD reduced sebum production in human sebaceous glands and also had anti-inflammatory effects on the gland cells. This suggests that CBD may be useful in treating acne.

CBD for eczema and dermatitis: what we know so far

Eczema and dermatitis are both inflammatory conditions of the skin characterized by dry, itchy and red skin. They can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, allergens, irritants, and stress.

Given CBD's anti-inflammatory properties, it's no surprise that it has potential for treating these conditions. While more research is needed, the early results are promising.

A study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science found that CBD may reduce the inflammatory response in skin cells by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, proteins that promote inflammation. This suggests that CBD may help relieve the symptoms of eczema and dermatitis, such as redness, swelling, and itching.

CBD for Psoriasis: Exploring the Possibilities

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin. It is caused by accelerated growth and differentiation of skin cells, leading to the formation of scaly plaques on the skin.

There is some evidence to suggest that CBD may help reduce psoriasis symptoms. In a study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science, researchers found that CBD may decrease the growth and differentiation of keratinocytes, the cells responsible for the formation of psoriasis plaques. This suggests that CBD may help regulate the overproduction of skin cells that causes psoriasis.

In addition, CBD also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce the inflammation that often accompanies psoriasis.

CBD oil for skin: benefits, side effects and more

How To Use CBD Oil For Skin Conditions

CBD oil can be used for skin conditions in a variety of ways. It can be taken orally, but it can also be applied directly to the skin in the form of a cream or ointment. It is important to start with a low dose and increase it if necessary.

When applying CBD oil to the skin, it is important to spread the product evenly over the affected area and gently massage it into the skin until it is completely absorbed. It is also recommended to leave the product on for at least 20-30 minutes before putting on clothes or going to bed.

Possible side effects and precautions

While CBD is generally considered safe, some people may experience side effects such as dry skin, fatigue, and changes in appetite. It's also important to remember that CBD can interact with certain medications, so it's always a good idea to talk to a doctor before taking CBD.

In addition, it is important to know that not all CBD products are created equal. The quality and purity of CBD products can vary greatly depending on the source of the CBD, the extraction method, and the manufacturer's quality control measures. It is therefore important to buy CBD products from reputable brands that conduct independent lab tests to verify the quality and purity of their products.

The therapeutic potential of CBD for skin health

CBD for acne: current research and findings

In a study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers found that CBD reduced sebum production in human sebaceous glands and also had anti-inflammatory effects on the gland cells. This suggests that CBD may be useful in treating acne.

CBD for eczema and dermatitis: what we know so far

Eczema and dermatitis are both inflammatory conditions of the skin. They are characterized by dry, itchy and red skin. Given CBD's anti-inflammatory properties, it's no surprise that it has potential for treating these conditions. While more research is needed, the early results are promising.

CBD for Psoriasis: Exploring the Possibilities

In addition, CBD also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce the inflammation that often accompanies psoriasis. By reducing inflammation, CBD can help reduce the redness, swelling, and itching that often accompany psoriasis.

CBD oil for skin: benefits, side effects and more

How To Use CBD Oil For Skin Conditions

Possible side effects and precautions

In conclusion, CBD has a lot of potential for skin health, thanks to its anti-inflammatory, sebostatic and lipid-raising properties. It can help treat a variety of skin conditions, including acne, eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis, and may also contribute to overall skin health and wellness.

However, much more research is needed to fully understand how CBD works on the skin and to determine the optimal dosages and methods of administration for various skin conditions. It is also important to remember that while CBD shows promise, it is not a panacea and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

If you are considering using CBD for skin conditions, it is recommended that you speak to a dermatologist or other health professional first. They can help you determine if CBD is right for you and guide you through the safe and effective use of CBD for skin health.

Comparative analysis of CBD and other treatments

Skin conditions range from mild to severe and can significantly impact an individual's quality of life. Traditional treatments often include topical creams, oral medications, and even surgical procedures. While these methods can be effective, they often have side effects and can be expensive. That's why many people are turning to alternative treatments like cannabidiol (CBD), a naturally occurring compound in the cannabis plant.

CBD has received a lot of attention in recent years for its potential health benefits. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-oxidative properties, making it an attractive option for treating a variety of skin conditions. However, as with any treatment, it is important to understand the benefits and drawbacks of CBD compared to other common treatments for skin conditions.

The advantages and disadvantages of CBD versus traditional treatments

One of the biggest benefits of CBD is that it is natural and has few side effects compared to some traditional treatments. For example, many prescription medications for skin conditions can have side effects such as dry skin, irritation, and even more serious side effects such as kidney problems or increased risk of infections. In comparison, CBD is generally well tolerated and side effects are rarely reported. In addition, studies have shown that CBD has a low risk of dependence or addiction, making it a safer option for long-term use.

However, one of the challenges of using CBD for skin conditions is the lack of regulation surrounding CBD products. This means that the quality and purity of CBD products can vary widely, and it can be difficult to know exactly what you're getting. What's more, there's still a lot we don't know about CBD, including the optimal dosage for various skin conditions and the potential interactions with other medications.

Cannabis-based skin treatment products

In addition to CBD oil, there are other cannabis-based products that can be used for skin conditions. Among the most popular are CBD-enriched ointments, which can be applied directly to the skin for targeted relief. These ointments can be enriched with other ingredients that promote skin health, such as shea butter, coconut oil, and essential oils.

There are also other cannabinoids that have potential for skin health, such as cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerovarin (CBGV). These cannabinoids are increasingly being included in skin care products and may provide additional benefits. For example, CBG has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, which can make it useful for conditions such as acne and psoriasis. CBGV, on the other hand, has been shown to promote skin cell growth, which may make it useful for promoting wound healing and scar reduction.

Personal testimonials and case studies

There are countless personal testimonials from people who claim that CBD has helped them with their skin conditions. For example, some people report that using CBD oil has reduced their eczema and psoriasis symptoms, while others say it has helped reduce their acne. While this anecdotal evidence is encouraging, it's important to remember that everyone is different and what works for one person won't necessarily work for another.

There are also several case studies showing the effectiveness of CBD for skin conditions. For example, a study published in the Journal of Dermatological Science found that CBD can reduce sebum production, which may help reduce acne. Another study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that CBD may help reduce the inflammation and pain associated with psoriasis.

The safety and legality of using CBD for skin conditions

In many countries, including the Netherlands, it is legal to use CBD. However, the laws can vary, so it's important to check local laws before buying or using CBD products. It's also important to remember that while CBD is generally considered safe, it can still have side effects and interact with other medications. That's why it's always a good idea to talk to a doctor before taking CBD, especially if you're taking other medications.

Where to buy quality CBD products for skin health

When choosing CBD products for skin health, it is important to look for products that have been tested by third parties, are made from organically grown hemp, and provide clear information about the amount of CBD they contain. This can help ensure you get a high-quality product that is effective and safe to use.

There are many different brands that offer CBD products for skin health. One of our favorites is Feelkiff, which offers a wide variety of CBD products, including flavored oils like Watermelon, Berry Gelato, and Bubble Gum. They also offer effects blends enriched with terpenes that promote better sleep quality or support faster recovery, as found on their effects blends page. These products are available in different strengths, allowing you to adjust the dose to your specific needs.

The future of CBD and skin health

Research on CBD and skin health is still ongoing, and there's a lot we still have to learn. Future studies will likely focus on further understanding the mechanisms by which CBD affects the skin, as well as examining the effectiveness of CBD compared to other treatments for skin conditions. For example, it is still unclear how CBD interacts with other medications and whether there are certain populations that may benefit more from using CBD for skin conditions.

In addition to CBD, there are other cannabinoids that have potential for skin health, such as CBG and CBGV. Future research is also likely to explore these cannabinoids and how they can be used in skin care products and treatments. For example, there is already some evidence to suggest that CBG may help treat psoriasis, while CBGV may help reduce the symptoms of eczema.

Conclusion

After an extensive analysis of the current scientific literature and testimonials, it is clear that cannabidiol (CBD) has significant potential when it comes to skin health. Its anti-inflammatory properties, ability to regulate sebum production, and interaction with the skin's endocannabinoid system are just some of the ways CBD can contribute to healthier skin.

Recap of CBD's potential for skin health

CBD, a naturally occurring compound in the cannabis plant, has received a lot of attention in recent years for its potential health benefits. Research has shown that CBD has anti-inflammatory properties, which can be particularly beneficial for skin conditions associated with inflammation, such as acne, eczema and psoriasis.

In addition, CBD also has the ability to regulate sebum production. Overproduction of sebum can lead to acne, and research suggests that CBD may have a sebostatic effect, meaning it can reduce sebum production. This can help reduce acne symptoms and contribute to healthier skin.

In addition, CBD also interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the skin. The ECS plays a vital role in skin health and is involved in various processes such as inflammation, pain and even skin cell growth. CBD can affect the ECS in the skin, which can lead to several skin health benefits.

Final thoughts and recommendations

While CBD has a lot of potential for skin health, it's important to remember that everyone is different. What works for one person may not work for another. That's why it's always a good idea to talk to a doctor before trying any new product or treatment. This is especially important if you are taking other medications, as CBD can interact with certain medications.

In addition, it is also important to remember that healthy skin does not only come from what you put on it, but also from a healthy diet, getting enough sleep and managing stress. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats can contribute to healthier skin. Getting enough sleep is also essential for skin health, as the body has time to recover and regenerate during sleep. Finally, managing stress can also contribute to healthier skin, as stress can lead to inflammation and other skin problems.

When choosing CBD products for skin health, it is also important to look for products that have been tested by third parties, are made from organically grown hemp, and provide clear information about the amount of CBD they contain. This can help ensure you get a high-quality product that is effective and safe to use.

It's also worth mentioning that while CBD has a lot of potential for skin health, it's not a panacea. It is just one tool in an arsenal of possible treatments for skin conditions. It is always best to take a holistic approach to skin health, which includes topical treatments as well as lifestyle changes.

In conclusion, CBD has a lot of potential when it comes to skin health. From its anti-inflammatory properties to its ability to regulate sebum production, there are many ways CBD can contribute to healthier skin. While there is still much to learn, it is clear that CBD can be a valuable addition to many people's skin care routine.

References

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Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadala, M. (2019). A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Clin Ter, 170(2), e93-e99. Link
Baswan, S. M., Klosner, A. E., Glynn, K., Rajgopal, A., Malik, K., Yim, S., & Stern, N. (2020). Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) for skin health and disorders. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 13, 927. Link
Eagleston, LRM, Kalani, NK, Patel, RR, Flaten, HK, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2018). Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review. Dermatology online journal, 24(6). Link
Mounessa, JS, Siegel, JA, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2017). The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 77(1), 188-190. Link
Wilkinson, JD, & Williamson, E. M. (2007). Cannabinoids inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through a non-CB1/CB2 mechanism and have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of dermatological science, 45(2), 87-92. Link
Ständer, S., Schmelz, M., Metze, D., Luger, T., & Rukwied, R. (2005). Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin. Journal of dermatological science, 38(3), 177-188. Link
Casares, L., García, V., Garrido-Rodríguez, M., Millán, E., Collado, JA, García-Martín, A., ... & Muñoz, E. (2020). Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by targeting BACH1. Redox Biology, 28, 101321. Link
Atalay, S., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2019). Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol. Antioxidants, 9(1), 21. Link
Pucci, M., Rapino, C., Di Francesco, A., Dainese, E., D'Addario, C., & Maccarrone, M. (2013). Epigenetic control of skin differentiation genes by phytocannabinoids. British journal of pharmacology, 170(3), 581-591. Link
Oláh, A., Markovics, A., Szabó‐Papp, J., Szabó, PT, Stott, C., Zouboulis, CC, & Bíró, T. (2016). Differential effectiveness of selected non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implies their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment. Experimental dermatology, 25(9), 701-707. Link
Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadala, M. (2019). A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Clin Ter, 170(2), e93-e99. Link
Chelliah, M. P., Zinn, Z., Khuu, P., & Teng, J. M. (2018). Self-initiated use of topical cannabidiol oil for epidermolysis bullosa. Pediatric dermatology, 35(4), e224-e227. Link
Eberlein, B., Eicke, C., Reinhardt, H.W., & Ring, J. (2008). Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing N-palmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 22(1), 73-82. Link
Mounessa, JS, Siegel, JA, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2017). The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 77(1), 188-190. Link
Baswan, S. M., Klosner, A. E., Glynn, K., Rajgopal, A., Malik, K., Yim, S., & Stern, N. (2020). Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) for skin health and disorders. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 13, 927. Link
Eagleston, LRM, Kalani, NK, Patel, RR, Flaten, HK, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2018). Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review. Dermatology online journal, 24(6). Link
Wilkinson, JD, & Williamson, E. M. (2007). Cannabinoids inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through a non-CB1/CB2 mechanism and have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of dermatological science, 45(2), 87-92. [Link]( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0923181106002743 )
Ständer, S., Schmelz, M., Metze, D., Luger, T., & Rukwied, R. (2005). Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin. Journal of dermatological science, 38(3), 177-188. Link
Casares, L., García, V., Garrido-Rodríguez, M., Millán, E., Collado, JA, García-Martín, A., ... & Muñoz, E. (2020). Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by targeting BACH1. Redox Biology, 28, 101321. Link
Atalay, S., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2019). Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol. Antioxidants, 9(1), 21. Link
Pucci, M., Rapino, C., Di Francesco, A., Dainese, E., D'Addario, C., & Maccarrone, M. (2013). Epigenetic control of skin differentiation genes by phytocannabinoids. British journal of pharmacology, 170(3), 581-591. Link
Oláh, A., Markovics, A., Szabó‐Papp, J., Szabó, PT, Stott, C., Zouboulis, CC, & Bíró, T. (2016). Differential effectiveness of selected non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implies their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment. Experimental dermatology, 25(9), 701-707. Link
Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadala, M. (2019). A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Clin Ter, 170(2), e93-e99. Link
Chelliah, M. P., Zinn, Z., Khuu, P., & Teng, J. M. (2018). Self-initiated use of topical cannabidiol oil for epidermolysis bullosa. Pediatric dermatology, 35(4), e224-e227. Link
Eberlein, B., Eicke, C., Reinhardt, H.W., & Ring, J. (2008). Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing N-palmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 22(1), 73-82. Link
Mounessa, JS, Siegel, JA, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2017). The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 77(1), 188-190. Link
Baswan, S. M., Klosner, A. E., Glynn, K., Rajgopal, A., Malik, K., Yim, S., & Stern, N. (2020). Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) for skin health and disorders. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 13, 927. Link
Eagleston, LRM, Kalani, NK, Patel, RR, Flaten, HK, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2018). Cannabinoids in dermatology: a scoping review. Dermatology online journal, 24(6). Link
Wilkinson, JD, & Williamson, E. M. (2007). Cannabinoids inhibit human keratinocyte proliferation through a non-CB1/CB2 mechanism and have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis. Journal of dermatological science, 45(2), 87-92. Link
Ständer, S., Schmelz, M., Metze, D., Luger, T., & Rukwied, R. (2005). Distribution of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) on sensory nerve fibers and adnexal structures in human skin. Journal of dermatological science, 38(3), 177-188. Link
Casares, L., García, V., Garrido-Rodríguez, M., Millán, E., Collado, JA, García-Martín, A., ... & Muñoz, E. (2020). Cannabidiol induces antioxidant pathways in keratinocytes by targeting BACH1. Redox Biology, 28, 101321. Link
Atalay, S., Jarocka-Karpowicz, I., & Skrzydlewska, E. (2019). Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol. Antioxidants, 9(1), 21. Link
Pucci, M., Rapino, C., Di Francesco, A., Dainese, E., D'Addario, C., & Maccarrone, M. (2013). Epigenetic control of skin differentiation genes by phytocannabinoids. British journal of pharmacology, 170(3), 581-591. Link
Oláh, A., Markovics, A., Szabó‐Papp, J., Szabó, PT, Stott, C., Zouboulis, CC, & Bíró, T. (2016). Differential effectiveness of selected non‐psychotropic phytocannabinoids on human sebocyte functions implies their introduction in dry/seborrhoeic skin and acne treatment. Experimental dermatology, 25(9), 701-707. Link
Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadala, M. (2019). A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Clin Ter, 170(2), e93-e99. Link
Chelliah, M. P., Zinn, Z., Khuu, P., & Teng, J. M. (2018). Self-initiated use of topical cannabidiol oil for epidermolysis bullosa. Pediatric dermatology, 35(4), e224-e227. Link
Eberlein, B., Eicke, C., Reinhardt, H. W., & Ring, J. (2008). Adjuvant treatment of atopic eczema: assessment of an emollient containing N-palmitoylethanolamine (ATOPA study). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 22(1), 73-82. Link
Mounessa, JS, Siegel, JA, Dunnick, CA, & Dellavalle, RP (2017). The role of cannabinoids in dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 77(1), 188-190. Link
Baswan, S. M., Klosner, A. E., Glynn, K., Rajgopal, A., Malik, K., Yim, S., & Stern, N. (2020). Therapeutic potential of cannabidiol (CBD) for skin health and disorders. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 13, 927